I'm working on a vertical turbine, probably two, for my house. Not the darius blade design, just a straight blade, nothing fancy.
The storage battery? About 3,000 gallons of water. Pump the water uphill, then release downhill ending in a microhydro generator.
The solution to variable windspeed for electrical production? Variable speed pulleys, just like the ones used in a Bridgeport mill.
Think of a "V" and a "^" with a belt in between. As one shaft spins faster, the other goes slower, maintaining rpms.
This ain't rocket science, although I have helped build 'em.
You mean a CVT like on a go-kart? I was talking about the big ones that Sinister hauls blades for. You're talking about something for your back yard, so you can either live off-grid or save on your electric bill.
I'd like to live off-grid somewhere. Out in the middle of nowhere. I've studied stuff like that. But I think it would be expensive to implement and be almost a full time job to maintain. On a small scale like that, the practicality of wind and solar energy is a lot different than when they try to do it on a grand scale like the big wind farms.
Solar energy can more practically be converted to heat than to electricity. And wind energy is more efficiently converted to electricity (or just rotational shaft power for something) than to heat.
Molten salt?
Used primarily in the type of solar facility built in the desert southwest. Mirrors and magnifiers that create tremendous heat. That melts the salt. The excess heat turns water to steam for the turbine and the molten salt continues to heat the water to steam at night when the sun goes down.
Then repeat the next day when the sun comes up again.
That would be like combining the storage system with the actual generation process itself.
Wanna see ancient solar technology?
Go look at a tree. (Should I hug it too?)
Solar energy turned into chemical-electrical energy every day with chloropyll.
God will always be a better engineer than humans.
If I ever design an off-grid system, I'd design the house around it. I mean have a house built, like Racer did. Planning for the future of living in a communist country, I'd most likely go with a geo-thermal idea, since it would have to be like a bunker anyway. So having it built into a hill would provide a geo-thermal heating/cooling but it would need a little supplemental heat. Heating fuels will be $40 a gallon and electricity will be $20 a kilowatt nanosecond, if they pass Cap & Trade & shut down the coal plants. So for heat I was thinking of a big sand box thing.
A sand box, about 8x12x3, made of railroad ties, with copper pipe snaked back and forth in it, encased in sand. On top of the sand will be copper sheet metal, with the top side coated with acetylene soot. This would have to be done in a workshop or with NO wind. Light only the acetylene, no oxygen. Cover the whole thing with soot so it's flat black. Have that over the sand, and then glass (or possibly lexan if it won't melt) on top. The area between the glass top and the soot-covered copper has to be kept dry and airtight or the soot won't last. The non-reflective flat black soot will absorb solar heat, the copper transfers it to the sand. The sand is an insulator, holds it's heat for a long time. Water is run through the copper tubing and circulated through the cement floor of the house. (The cement floor will be poured, encasing the tubing.) There's probably a more efficient way to collect and store solar heat, but that's just one idea I had. I do not want to build a steam engine or turbine. I don't see them as being very efficient at all. There's a reason why diesel-electric hybrids replaced the old steam locomotives. I've seen some recent steam engine designs, some of them fascinating how they work, but still not very efficient.
In long periods of overcast skies and short winter days, one of those outdoor wood furnaces/boilers can supplement the heat if check valves are used to make sure it heats the house instead of the sand box. Decaying DNA matter also produces a small amount of heat. Some people use decaying silage the same way, in a big bin full of copper tubes to heat water. Composting grass clippings, leaves, biodegradable household garbage like banana peels, etc.
For electricity I'd have solar panels as a backup or for certain things like sensitive electronics, but the bulk of the power would be generated by some kind of vertical axis wind turbine. And I'd also use the 3000 gallon water tower & hydro-generator type system of storing electrical energy. I'd also, if possible, pick a site that's near a steady flowing creek, preferably a fast-flowing one that I can make a small-scale hydro-dam on, if the local tree-huggers don't start whining about fish and "habitats".
Sail boats, the ocean-going kind, often drag long spring-steel wires or cables with a propeller at the end. The motion of the boat through the water spins the prop. The spring steel wire acts as a flexible drive shaft and spins a generator on the stern. Not a whole lot of power is generated, about as much as having one of those little generators that rub on a bicycle tire, ... but stored up in a deep cycle battery, you can use it to run a laptop or something for a few hours a day. Something like that could used in a creek if the local hippy tree-hugging zoning bureaucrats won't allow a small hydro-dam.